Names:
Implicit Differentiation
by Tom
Linton,
http://www.cs.moravian.edu/~linton
Consider the plot of "all pairs", (x ,y) which satisfy y^3 - xy = -6:
![[Maple Plot]](images/impdiff1.gif)
There are 3 such pairs with x = 7. By using the Solve features of your calculator you can find them. Here are the three y values (compliments of Maple):
> solve(y^3-7*y+6=0,{y});
Theoretically, we could take the equation y^3 - x*y = -6 and solve it for y. This would yield 3 formulas expressing y in terms of x, i.e. we can view y as a function of x (or many functions of x), as in y = f(x). In this case, we can actually do this (with the help of Maple), but the answers are extremely complicated (and so omitted from the HTML file).
> map(simplify,{solve(y^3-x*y+6=0,y)});
From a graphical perspective however, the 3 functions are easy to see:
![[Maple Plot]](images/impdiff6.gif)
Near x = 7, which of f '(x), g'(x) and h'(x) are positive or negative? Which is closest to zero?
Using the zoomed in view below, estimate f '(7) and g'(7).
![[Maple Plot]](images/impdiff7.gif)
Picking various values of x near 7, and solving for y values near -3 (on the graph of h(x) ), gives:
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Use the table above to estimate dy/dx at the point (7, -3).
Now, treat y as a function of x, calculate dy/dx using implicit differentiation, and substitute in x = 7, with y = 1, 2 and -3. Are these values close to your estimates?
Return to Calculus
Materials or Math 170 Schedule.
This departmental page
was created by Tom
Linton and was last revised February 8, 1999. E-mail comments or questions
to Tom Linton, linton@cs.moravian.edu.